Leidenfrost Effect, Experimental Physics Amazing Reaction

Some of you may already know the Leidenfrost Effect, the phenomenon in which a liquid in contact with a material that is much hotter than the boiling point of the liquid, it will generate vapor layer of insulation that keeps the liquid that does not evaporate quickly.

This phenomenon is most often seen when cooking, a drop of water in a pot where the temperature well above the boiling point of water or above the point Leidenfrost, the water droplets will roll down the pot and takes longer to evaporate than in the pot temperature below the point Leidenfrost (but still above the boiling point).
This effect also explains why our hands are fine although poured liquid nitrogen. Nitrogen has a boiling point of -196 ° C, and the temperature of the human body is about 37 ° C, it is very hot for nitrogen.

Then, when the meeting of liquid nitrogen by hand, the Leidenfrost effect ensued. Liquid nitrogen will be retained by the steam itself, this causes the liquid nitrogen droplets away from the surface of the skin.
However, this will not happen forever, when we are too old pouring liquid nitrogen into our hands, the hands will freeze and cause the liquid nitrogen does not evaporate as fast as before.

So, when a drop of water touching the hot surfaces (slightly above the boiling point), drops of water quickly evaporates.
But if the water droplets dropped / touch the surface very hot (well above the boiling point), only a few of the outer layer of the droplets that evaporate, producing an effect which causes the isolation of residual droplets rolling on a hot surface.

Well, when water droplets hit the surface very hot but fine, they tend scrolling or skipping to a random direction. But researchers have found that if a very hot surface has a serrated texture, droplet only moves in one direction only.
Two students from the University of Bath, Carmen Cheng and Matthew Guy, build a maze of jagged aluminum surface is then heated above the Leidenfrost point of water.

When droplets of water were dropped on this maze, it looks as if the water droplets can traverse the halls of the complex maze itself.

American labs Develop 324 Biological Weapons

America has developed the Bio-Lab 324, why did this happen? Of course, I can. Because since many years ago, until President Obama and even to this day remains adamant refuse the inspection protocol contained in the Convention on the prohibition of the manufacture and storage of biological and toxin weapons.

Amid optimism the world against President Barack Obama, who will disarm the policy of militarization of US foreign policy to the world, appears quite worrying information that some of the authorities in the field of foreign policy and defense.
According to the information that was obtained by the Global Future Institute research team from a source in the State Department, America is currently conducting intensive research in the field of micro-organisms, pathogens high and dangerous viruses.
As a result, until now the international community has absolutely no control mechanism or effective monitoring of the presence of components that have the potential to be used as biological weapons and toxins American owned as bio-gene.
Even the various elements of society (civil society) who intends to conduct an investigation regarding the existence and role of the bio-lab, does not have the authority and legality to urge an investigation regarding the transparency of the role and management of various bio-laboratories in America, such as Los Alamos.
What is happening is the opposite. In recent years, various research programs in the field of biology received funds from the Government. According to Foreign Ministry sources told the Global Future Institute, American plans to build 20 new high-level laboratory biosecurity, and 2 laboratory specifically to investigate bio-genes were categorized as dangerous and most contagious.
That's not all. Americans reportedly also will modernize the objects of research on biological weapons. And means for this project, America has prepared a special block in the complex nuclear laboratory at Los Alamos and Livermors.
Even at this location, there will be a study of Siberian ulcer (malignant anthrax), bubonic plague, and botulism.

Weak Security Systems
Source Global Future Institute also menginfromasikan that the month of May 2014 laluDefense Science Board under the authority of the US Defence Secretary, has been examining the level of bio-security laboratory managed with either military or civilian.
Apparently there are quite surprising findings. The materials are stored in the bio-lab reported many are missing.
This is what happened in one of the bio-lab called the United States Army Medical Science and Research Institute of Infectious Disease (USAMRIID). When examined, it turns out there are a lot of bio-genes missing from irregularities in the bio-lab.
This can happen because of weak accounting and monitoring systems for the storage of dangerous Biogen.
YIN as a repository for America's largest bio-pathogen, and a place to perform genetic engineering project malignancies.
As a result of these findings, in February 2014 the laboratory entry-level security category 4 (the highest) is finally closed down because it is considered there are many weaknesses in the system of calculation and control of Biogen.
Of course, these findings are not encouraging in addition, it is also quite inviting the international community anxiety.
Just imagine, in the bio-lab refrigator it was found more than 9200 pathogens that are not registered in a specific database!
Number of pathogens that are not it is registered in the base is certainly not a small amount, considering the total number of pathogens around 66000 specimens.
Worse than that, the fragility of the security mechanism in the institutte working computer network, the development can be penetrated or entered by terorirs groups, or those who intend to carry out a special operation modus of terror.
By doing so, the weakness of the security system, easily the American government will argue that terorirs group has managed to penetrate the laboratory bio-security, and the spread of the dangerous virus both in the US and abroad.

The important question raised here is, or whether it was purely a weak security system in the bio-lab, or indeed based on deliberate alias policy of tacit government of Washington to be free of responsibility when the development of harmful viruses and infectious spread in the Americas region as well as to the whole world.
The indication is quite suspicious. Because of the weakness of laboratory bio-security system it mostly occurs in some US military objects. This of course is quite alarming. Because there ribuatn specimen not it is registered in military objects.
In fact, according to a report the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, in America today there are about 1400 specialists working in the field of Biogen and toxins in 324 biolaboratorium, both government-run and private.
Therefore, the Global Future Institute urged the various authorities in the United States and various groups working in the field of bio-lab, to secepatkanya take measures to ensure the security in the bio-lab.
Mystery Cholera Outbreak in Zimbabwe and Papua
From various research and information that was processed by a team of Global Futurre Institute, Americans did in the past few years actively develop this type of biological and chemical weapons in a secret laboratory at Los Alamos, New Mexico. Allegedly diverse biological and chemical weapons have been tested in the world, whether in war or peace.
Ever hear the cholera outbreak that hit Zimbabwe in 2008? Zimbabwe cholera outbreak in 2008 this is the cholera epidemic in Zimbabwe that began in August 2008.
In December 2008, more than 10,000 people were infected and the outbreak has spread to Botswana and South Africa. Zimbabwe government declared a state of emergency and asked for international help.

Outbreaks spread through contaminated food and drink these bacteria spread so fast. So that in a few months, into a cholera epidemic that killed nearly 3500 residents.

Even the World Health Organization (WHO) recorded outbreak of cholera in the country led by Robert Mugabe's dictatorship, has infected 67 945 people. WHO describes the situation of the cholera epidemic in Zimbabwe as "uncontrolled."

Seeing the number of victims is more than 60 thousand citizens, if reasonable suspicion lest the Americans and British are deliberately spread the virus because of the impact is almost as if the two countries using biological weapons.
The goal, what else if not to overthrow the regime of Robert Mugabe which is not in line with the political direction of America and the United Kingdom. True or not is still to be proven.

But in Papua, precisely in the Valley Kamuu, Monemani District, Paniai, cholera and diarrhea are also endemic. About 200 people have died since April 2008.

Could this be modified? From the findings, there are some cases of cholera outbreak raised by inserting the bodies into wells to contaminate the water.

In other cases, relating to avian flu, for example, allegedly raised by the injection of poultry in order to transmit the virus to humans. Oddity that arises is, why it can be to humans, but in a matter of seconds, the bird flu virus will die.

Through Genetics War Bird Flu
H5N1 used as a biological weapon because it can cause death in a population.

According to some information that still needs to be further confirmed, the H5N1 virus structure can be made in accordance with the will of the designer.

Because this virus consists of eight segments, each of which can stand alone. Could segments from humans, birds and other animals.

In the group of people who have similar DNA profiles, the virus does not have to mutate first to be transmitted. Poultry virus can quickly change spesiesifitas receptors, so the spread between humans.

To be sure, the basic key biological warfare is to create fear or terror about who will be infected.

Amigdalin, Substance On Seeds Apples Pretty Dangerous

Most nutritionists recommend that you eat with the skin. This is because the skin of the apple contains fiber which is beneficial to the body. Nevertheless there is a part of the apple that you should not eat, namely seeds.

Apple seeds contain substances amigdalin. These substances can be converted into poisonous hydrogen cyanide. However, if it is consumed only in small quantities, the toxin effects of apple seeds is also very small.

Avoid Chewing Seeds Apples

Besides apples, there are some other fruit also contains amigdalin, such as plum, peach, quince and almond.

Amigdalin existing levels in apples including a small, moreover the substance coming out if the seeds are chewed well.

Amigdalin a glycoside toxin which when combined with digestive enzymes will produce hydrogen cyanide, a poison which is equivalent to Cylon B. The poison is also used in mass murder in the concentration camp when World War II took place.

However, fruits or seeds that contain amygdalin can be processed to get rid of toxic substances, for example, is cassava.
Cassava contains cyanogen very high, but these substances can be processed into starch. Cooking process cassava can make cyanogen become harmless. Likewise with almonds, which can also be removed by a similar process.
Amigdalin which has been converted into hydrogen cyanide can be dangerous because these substances will reduce the performance of the red blood cells to carry oxygen. Although the body can dispose of small amounts of hydrogen cyanide, but if the amount is large, it can be fatal.
Hydrogen cyanide poisoning people are at risk of headaches, palpitations fast, vomiting, nausea, weakness and trembling. This could even be serious when hydrogen cyanide came in large numbers, can cause coma, shortness of breath, lung damage, low blood pressure, and even death.
Returning again to the problem of apples, you do not need to worry about amigdalin substances contained in seeds. If you do not accidentally eat the seeds of apples, then it will not make you poisoning.
However, you should as much as possible to avoid chewing an apple seed. To be safe, cut apples into sections, then remove the seeds, and then eat the fruit.
This also applies if you want to blend the apples to make juice or jam, do not forget to remove the seeds first.

5 Great Work Performed Brain When You Sleep

Sleeping body did not make the brain stops working. Just when the body is asleep, the brain works with active and can give a tremendous impact on life. Numerous studies have identified that sleep has an important role for health and human cognitive. Here are five of the brain that work can only be done when the body of sleep, as reported by the Huffington Post:

1. Make a decision

At the time of sleep, the brain actually processes the information received and used this information to make a decision when awakened later. This corresponds to a journal published in Current Biology.


2. Creating and linking memories

Brain establish a link between the new and old memories memories when the body in a state of sleep. At the time of sleep time decreases, this can affect hipocampus, a brain region that is involved in making memories. Therefore, according to Dr. Matthew Walker of the University of California Berkeley, lack of sleep can lower your ability to learn new things up to 40 percent.


3. Create a creative connection

Creativity it can be improved upon asleep. According to research in 2007 from the University of California Berkeley found that people who wake up around 33 percent more likely to make connections between ideas that seem far but actually it was an interesting idea.


4. Cleaning brain

In addition to work optimally, sleep also seems to help the brain make corrections. According to researchers from the University of Rocheseter found that during sleep the brain work cleaning Otan molecules that damage related to neurodegeneration.

If we do not get enough sleep, the brain does not have enough time to clean the toxins that could potentially accelerate the neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's.


5. The brain learn and remember how to perform physical tasks

The brain has the ability to process information received when awakened. It means that the brain can store information in the long term. Sleep it makes the brain learn and remember a variety of new physical movements such as driving, swinging a tennis racket or practicing sports movement will be automatically recorded automatically into the brain.

Here's Natural Refrigeration Technology Since Ancient Times

    
Any ancient technology, it is now becoming obsolete even forgotten. In fact, as long as no damage lngkungan and natural then that of course environmentally friendly technology.

Including food preservation method with the creation of tools that can lower the temperature becomes low naturally, without electricity and without freon.


Proof of concept 'Evaporative Cooling' is used since thousands of years ago

There is some evidence that the Evaporative Cooling concept used at the time of the Old Kingdom of Egypt, around 2500 BC. There are frescoes depicting slaves fanning bottles of water, which will improve the airflow around the urn porous and assist evaporation and cooling.

Even of civilization around 3000 BC, found many earthenware pots in the Indus Valley were allegedly used to store and cool water similar to a dish on Day Ghara or Matki used in India and Pakistan.

If in Indonesia this pottery we often refer to as 'jug' which in ancient times was useful for storing water to be cooler.

While in Spain popularly called botijo, namely a porous clay container also similar jug, which is used to protect and cool the water and has been used for centuries.
The concept is ancient and almost forgotten, now a trend back. Some concept of how cool the food by lowering the temperature of the room are:

Refrigeration "Coolgardie safe"
The refrigerator was originally popular in Australia under the name of Coolgardie safe. Natural refrigerator without power, coming from the town of Coolgardie in Australia. There is a source that says that this technology has been around a long time and is commonly used in the days of 'gold rush' and the wild west, as a way to cool food and drinks without electricity in the past.

Coolgardie safe way to make a very simple, which only requires a wire or wood or bamboo and burlap sacks and buckets or other means of water capacity.

The trick begins with a frame cabinets of wire and then covered with a burlap sack that connects to a bucket of water so it can absorb water. So, the end of the sack should be immersed in water.

Then a burlap sack is eventually going to get wet and will absorb the hot air expelled by the concept of Evaporative Cooling vegetables or cools by evaporation of water, so vegetables can last up to 1 week.

The last step is to put in place a windy Coolgardie safe. The wind will help the evaporation process that causes the contents of the refrigerator is decreased and the temperature to cool.

Refrigerator "Pot in Pot Method"

There is another ancient technology to preserve food by using sand as well. Called Pot in Pot or "Pot in the pot" by using sand that is inserted between the two pots were stacked and never developed in several countries in the past.

This tool is very simple even you yourself can make it at home. Materials needed include two fruit pots, one large and one small, sand, cloth and water.

Sand Fridge manufacture very simple, to fill large pots or jars with sand as high as 3 cm. Then input into the pot small pot that has given the sand and sand were pressed in between the large and the small pot.

The heat from the outside pot will cause the water in the sidelines of the sand evaporates and flows out through the pores of large pots and dry air to circulate around it. Pot will give off heat and lowers the temperature reached 15 degrees Celsius in a small pot.

The method or style cooling concept Pot in Pot actually been around since ancient times, but it was first introduced back by Mohammed Bah Abba of Nigeria in the 1990s. Bah Abba developed a cooling system is composed of a small earthenware pot placed inside a larger, and the space between the two pots filled with sand.
Then the sand between the two pots are watered water until soft. Then the pottery which is at the deepest like a refrigerator and can be filled fruit, vegetables or soft drinks. After that the top is covered with a wet cloth, then did most top, covered with lid earthenware.
Place the pot on the pottery refrigerator is in the shade or indoors. For best results make sure the refrigerator is a windy place. Wait a day. Make sure also that the sand should not be dry, so that the sand is always moist sand flush with water periodically.
Evaporative Cooling method is effective for dry areas. In northern Nigeria, earthenware pots have been used since ancient times as a means of cooking and storage of water in the vessel, in a coffin or a closet even within the bank. This tool has been used widely in Africa as a food preservation technique that is cheap and simple.

Fast Food Consumption Often, Academic Ability Child Could Go Down

Almost all parents want their children to be the best in class with academic values are satisfactory. However, if the child does not receive good support and adequate nutrition it will be difficult to achieve.

Especially the problems of nutrition, recently researchers from Ohio State University and the University of Texas found a link between fast food and the child's academic ability. Children who are accustomed to eating fast food will have a lower academic ability.
Fast food consumption survey in 8544 5 th grade children predicted the decline in the current academic grade of 2 junior high kids. Studies report that children often eat fast food behind 4 points in reading, 3 points in math, and 4 points in science subjects when compared with other children.

"The results of this study provide preliminary evidence that fast food associated with academic results broken among children," wrote the researchers in the study that has been published in the journal Clinical Pediatrics, quoted by Reuters.

Researchers said the low academic ability of children can be caused by nutritional fast food that is low. The high content of fat and sugar in the diet can also affect the level of focus and the child's reaction will be lower.

The risk of obesity and heart disease because of high cholesterol also exists in children who frequently eat fast food.

The study reported an association between fast food and the academic skills remain intact despite variables such as physical activity, watching television, and socioeconomic status families have been taken into account.